Economic Update 6-30-2025

Geopolitical events continued to dominate last week, with a strong U.S. missile attack on Iranian nuclear facilities, followed by a limited retaliatory response, and ceasefire. Economic data included a downward revision for Q1 U.S. GDP and higher jobless claims, mixed housing data and consumer sentiment, but a sharp gain in durable goods orders.

Stocks saw strong positive returns of a few percent across the globe, with Middle East tensions abating, optimism on trade deals, and economic data otherwise stable. Bonds also saw gains with falling interest rates. Commodities fell back sharply, led by crude oil, with fewer concerns over supply disruptions caused by the Israel-Iran conflict.

U.S. stocks began the week strongly, following Operation Midnight Hammer, during which U.S. air forces struck several Iran nuclear facilities. Despite some consternation early Monday about Iran’s retaliatory missile attacks on U.S. forces in Qatar and Iraq, the limited nature of the Iranian response (with no reported casualties) alluded to an expected intention of saving face but not escalating further. A truce later Monday helped stock sentiment as well, with the President encouraging both Israel and Iran to cease military operations. On the financial side, later in the week, the U.S. Treasury announced a deal with G-7 allies that will exclude U.S. companies from some foreign-imposed taxes (OECD Pillar 2) in exchange for removing the pending Congressional tax bill’s Section 899 (“revenge tax”) provisions, which were intended to penalize foreign investors, businesses, and governments with holdings in the U.S. (It was assumed that seeking a deal was the true intention of inserting that section into the bill in the first place.) Reports that the U.S. and China were completing a new trade deal on Friday also helped investor sentiment. Some members of the Federal Reserve showing an openness to rate cuts was naturally taken positively as well.

Last week’s news featured the Federal Reserve keeping short-term policy interest rates steady at their June meeting. Economic data included weaker retail sales, industrial production, housing starts, and the index of leading economic indicators. Jobless claims were little changed.

Equities were mixed globally last week, with a variety of global influences. Bonds fared positively as interest rates declined. Commodities were driven higher by energy prices, tied to Middle East concerns.

U.S. stocks were little changed on net for the week, with most eyes still focused on potential escalation in the Middle East between Israel and Iran, with the U.S. administration pointing to possible negotiations that seemed to reduce fears somewhat for the time being. (The focused U.S. strikes on Iranian nuclear enrichment facilities happened on Saturday night, so will likely be a key sentiment factor in the coming week.) Otherwise, a mix of economic data and the Fed staying the course also provided little catalyst for extreme stock price movements. However, later in the week, Fed Gov. Waller noted that rate cuts could be considered sooner than later, with “We could do this as early as July.” By sector, energy, technology, and financials led with gains, while health care (Lilly and J&J primarily), materials, and utilities declined. Small caps outpaced large caps for the week. Real estate fell back by a few basis points.

Economic Update 6-16-2025

Economic data included consumer and producer price inflation coming in a bit cooler than expected, although both remain above long-term trend. Consumer confidence also improved, in keeping with paused tariff policies. However, continuing jobless claims kept rising, which could be due to some seasonal effects and/or labor markets softening further.

After starting positively, equities reversed course and fell in the U.S. and foreign developed markets, largely in response to escalation of the Israel-Iran military conflict. Bonds gained as yields fell back, especially abroad with a weaker dollar. Commodities gained as crude oil prices spiked, due to the same Middle East escalation concerns.

U.S. stocks were positive for most of the week, with a mix of influences, but ended down on net. Early in the week, investors reacted positively to a short London meeting between the U.S. and China, which resulted in no real breakthroughs, but getting the “negativity out,” as Commerce Secretary Lutnick put it, perhaps providing a restart point for further talks. The Chinese have been increasingly using exports of rare earth minerals as leverage (they aren’t really rare insofar as finding them in the earth’s crust goes, but the processing of them is, and they’re critical for modern technological devices like computers and phones). The Administration also indicated that an extension of the current 90-day tariff pause was possible for countries negotiating in “good faith.” Markets reacted positively to some extent on Wed. to the cooler CPI report; however, this was seen as making the Fed’s job a bit tougher as to the push-and-pull between higher and lower rate policy. However, all was undone as stocks fell back by Fri. morning in response to Israel’s strikes on Iran, which raised geopolitical concerns.

Economic Update 6-9-2025

Economic data included stronger job openings, while the ISM manufacturing and services PMI indexes weakened. The employment situation report showed in showing growth, but prior revisions downward, so generally neutral.

Equities gained globally, with few surprises on the trade front, and unsurprising economic data. Bonds fell back as interest rates ticked higher. Commodities gained, led by a sharp rise in crude oil prices.

U.S. stocks fared positively again last week, with small caps leading large caps. While trade tension between the U.S. and China remains, a late week phone call between the two leaders “resulted in a very positive conclusion for both countries,” as the President put it, and buoyed sentiment. Further discussions are scheduled in London this week. The Friday jobs reports, not too hot nor too cold, also was taken positively by markets. Overall, the U.S. stock market volatility from prior months appears to have calmed down a bit, with a general consensus that trade deals are expected to be in the works, and the maximum tariff rates won’t end up being a reality. On the other hand, U.S. steel and aluminum tariffs doubled to 50% last week.

On a holiday-shortened week, economic data included a slight upgrade to Q1 U.S. GDP growth, and improvement in personal income, spending, and consumer sentiment, while durable orders fell back.

U.S. stocks saw a positive week, outperforming the rest of the world, due to variety of trade-related news items. Bonds fared positively as interest rates fell back in the U.S. Commodities fell across the board, with crude oil prices remaining range-bound.

U.S. stocks ended positively, after having started off strongly on Monday following the announced one-month reprieve of the 50% EU tariff, in addition to an improvement in consumer sentiment (which has been hard to come by as of late). The Wed. U.S. trade court ruling against the administration’s tariffs resulted in a rally early Thurs., although the gain was tempered, considering that appeals are likely, and it is unknown how other tariffs might be reconfigured to fall under other legal authority. Again, optimism is present, but uncertainty remains. Over the past few weeks, markets have already appeared to discount the worst of the tariffs, celebrating the pauses, and assuming deals will be made in coming months to lower the overall punitive rate. By Fri., trade tensions with China had again ramped up with the President’s claim that agreements were violated and Treasury Secretary Bessent noting that U.S.-China trade talks were “a bit stalled.”

Economic data included gains in both manufacturing and services PMI measures, as well as in new home sales, while existing home sales fell back. The index of leading economic indicators continued to deteriorate, although it still doesn’t point to recession at this time.

Equities declined in the U.S., but fared better overseas, in keeping with 2025 year-to-date trends. Bonds similarly lost ground domestically with higher long-term interest rates, while foreign were mixed. Commodities were also mixed, with gains in metals offset by declines in energy.

U.S. stocks fell back last week, with every sector ending in the negative. More defensive consumer staples and communication services fared slightly better, with minimal declines, while energy and technology suffered the sharpest losses upwards of 3-4% (the latter led downward by Apple, as specific tariffs on phones were threatened). Real estate fell by over -3% as well, due to interest rate movements.

Economic Update 5-19-2025

Economic news last week included inflation metrics showing improvement on both a consumer and producer level. Also, data included slightly higher retail sales and housing starts, unchanged industrial production, but weaker consumer sentiment that continues a negative trend.

Equities gained globally, as U.S.-China trade negotiations lowered chances of economic slowing. Bonds were mixed, with yields higher but credit spreads tighter. Commodities were also mixed, with crude oil and industrial metals higher.

U.S. stocks earned strong returns last week, beginning with the S&P 500 rising over 3% on Monday with news from the prior weekend of substantial progress with China on a de-escalation of trade tensions. This included a suspension of earlier tariff rates for 90 days for a continuation of talks, with U.S. tariff rates on China falling from 145% down to 30% (and China-on-U.S. tariffs reduced from 125% to 10%). Cooler inflation also helped sentiment a bit, although many see those prior-month figures as being on borrowed time if/when tariff impacts creep through. Every sector ended positively last week, led by substantial gains of nearly 8% in both technology (led by Nvidia) and consumer discretionary (led by Tesla), while normally-defensive health care gained only a few tenths of a percent (completely due to weakness in UnitedHealth). Real estate also gained about a percent, despite higher yields.

Economic Update 5-12-2025

Last week, the Federal Reserve kept policy interest rates unchanged, as expected, along with mixed economic data. Within the minimal data released last week, ISM services rose a bit, further into expansion.

Equities were mixed last week, with declines in the U.S. large cap offset by gains in small cap and in Europe. Bonds pulled back with higher interest rates, with falling recession fears. Commodities were also mixed, with gains in energy and precious metals.

U.S. large cap stocks fell back last week, while small caps saw gains. Sector results were mixed, with gains of a percent in industrials and consumer discretionary offset by a -4% drop in health care from several disappointing quarterly reports. Real estate also fell back by nearly a percent, due to higher yields. These results came along with an improvement in sentiment surrounding apparent progress the U.S. administration is making toward lowering quoted maximum tariffs last month. This included a Thursday announcement of a trade deal reached with the U.K. in addition to expected progress with Chinese negotiations taking place in Switzerland, although the final outcome for that key relationship remains quite unclear. (S&P futures were up several percent as a slashing of tariffs was announced this morning.) Congressional discussions about extending the current tax policy set to expire at the end of 2025 has also been ramping up, with rumors mixed about the imposition of a higher rate on millionaire earners.

Economic Update 5-5-2025

Economic data for the week included U.S. GDP growth for Q1 coming in negative, as well as weaker manufacturing, construction spending, and consumer sentiment. On the positive side, home prices continued to rise, albeit at a slower rate, while the employment situation report came in a bit better than expected, still showing growth.

Equities saw gains globally, buoyed by positive earnings and hopes for U.S. trade deals. Bonds fell back along with higher interest rates and a stronger U.S. dollar. Commodities fell back along with weaker crude oil demand expectations.

U.S. stocks rose for the second straight week, with nine straight positive days. However, the S&P 500 price index is still down -7% from the Feb. 19 peak. By sector, industrials, technology, and communications saw the strongest gains, over 4%, while energy was the only sector in decline, with sentiment tied to falling crude oil prices, and minimal gains for defensive consumer staples and health care. Real estate also gained over 3%, despite higher interest rates.

Economic Update 4-28-2025

Economic data included a rise in durable goods orders and new home sales. On the negative side, existing home sales declined, as did consumer sentiment and the index of leading economic indicators.

Stocks saw gains globally last week, with some further optimism about U.S. trade deals coming to pass, including a de-escalation of U.S.-China tensions, and a walkback of the President’s threat to fire the Chair of the Federal Reserve. Bonds fared positively along with falling yields, related to some reduction in inflation fears. Commodities were mixed, with energy falling with high supply and gold flows pulling back as global tensions abated a bit.

U.S. stocks rose sharply last week, despite Monday starting off poorly, with the President’s comments about firing Fed Chair Powell causing some consternation, as noted earlier. In typical recent back-and-forth fashion, Tuesday saw a recovery along with a quick walkback on the Powell firing talk, along with Treasury Secretary Bessent’s comments that alluded to tariff de-escalation, with current levels at an “unsustainable” path. There were further hints that the 145% rate on China won’t persist as the administration expects to reach a deal “in the very near future,” and the President intending to be “very nice” to China.

On a Good Friday-shortened week, economic data included gains in retail sales, while industrial production and housing starts fell back.

Equities experienced a slightly mellower week compared to the one prior, ending lower for U.S. large cap stocks, but a positive week for U.S. small caps and foreign developed markets overall. Bonds fared positively as interest rates fell back. Commodities also fared positively in several areas, including precious metals and energy.

U.S. stocks settled down from the volatility of the prior week, although it was relative, ending in the negative on net, although small cap stocks saw gains. By sector, energy led with gains of over 5%, followed by materials and more defensive consumer staples and utilities. On the negative side were declines of over a percent in technology (largely Nvidia and Microsoft), consumer discretionary (Amazon, Starbucks, and Tesla), and communications. Nvidia (along with a group of related companies) was hampered by news that its specialized H20 chips, quality-restricted to satisfy prior export limitations to China, could be disallowed and placed in same category as other unavailable specialized chips. Real estate also gained over 5% along with lower yields across the U.S. Treasury curve.

Economic Update 4-14-2025

Economic data included a significant pause in the U.S. administration’s total tariff policy, resulting in some relief of recession fears for now. Consumer price inflation came in slower than expected, with the year-over-year rates also declining, as did producer price inflation to some degree. Consumer sentiment remained poor, with inflation expectations rising sharply.

Global stock markets experienced one of the more volatile weeks in many years, but ended on a positive note largely due to Wednesday’s gains as a pause for some tariffs was announced. Bonds fell sharply due to a spike in longer-term U.S. Treasury yields. Commodities were mixed to higher, helped by a falling dollar and flight to quality in precious metals.

U.S. stocks earned surprisingly solid positive returns on net last week, with several daily price swings dominated by Wednesday’s explosive gains. Sector results were led by technology (up nearly 10%), industrials, and financials, while energy and defensive consumer staples and health care lagged with far lesser gains of a few percent. Real estate declined only slightly, despite the spike in yields.

U.S. stocks haven’t experienced this much day-to-day (or hour-to-hour) volatility in years, by some measures since the fall of 1987, Great Financial Crisis in 2008, and 2020 pandemic—comparisons that have unnerved many investors. The primary driver has obviously been the ‘uncertainty’ and real-time changes in the U.S. administration’s tariff policy. Practically daily, these have included steadfast or escalations in tariff stances corresponding to drawdowns and signs of relief or pause reverting to temporary euphoria. Based on estimates from Goldman Sachs, the ending tariff rate could well remain far higher than it was, but stopping at a weighted average of around 15%, as opposed to the earlier estimates of 20-25%. So, a strain on the economy and inflation no doubt, but not quite as bad as the worst fears.

Economic Update 4-07-2025

Economic data included the announcement of substantial global tariffs by the U.S. administration, which were taken negatively worldwide, but especially in the U.S. Other releases included a weakening of ISM manufacturing and services activity, and JOLTS job openings. The Friday employment situation report came in stronger than expected, with reversals of some earlier seasonal effects.

Equities suffered their worst week since the pandemic, reacting negatively to the U.S. administration’s tariff news. However, government bonds fared positively, as long-term yields fell sharply. Commodities also lost ground across the board, with the combination of uncertain trade and growth impacts.

U.S. stocks began the week on another negative note, as comments from the administration over the prior weekend were taken negatively by markets (notably, those noting a disregard for auto manufacturer pain and possibilities of a recession, brought on by policies). Wednesday’s ‘Liberation Day’ announcement was done after the market close, but stock futures fell immediately afterward and carried over to a decline of nearly -5% on Thursday, one of the worst single days since the pandemic in 2020. The damage continued Friday, with markets down beyond -5%, as markets reacted to China’s retaliatory tariff of 34%. From the peak on Feb. 19, the S&P has fallen over -17% (up to nearly -20% if this morning’s futures are included). As noted separately, the market was prepared for tariffs to some extent, but these came out definitely stronger than expected.

Economic Update 3-31-2025

Economic data included a slight upgrade to U.S. GDP for Q4, and positive news for durable goods orders and a variety of real estate sales and price data. However, consumer sentiment took another dip downward, due to high uncertainty about trade policy.

Equities fell around the world, with concern about upcoming trade policy and weakening consumer sentiment. Bonds were flattish with sticky inflation offsetting a usual risk-off response. Commodities were mixed, with energy prices a bit higher.

U.S. stocks began Monday positively, up nearly 2% upon hints that the President may back off the more extreme tariff measures on April 2, now only days away. However, by Wed., potential new tariffs on non-U.S. autos and auto parts soured the mood again, as did weakened consumer confidence as the result of policy uncertainty. Last week proved to be just another example of how closely financial markets are reacting to trade news above all else at this point, with some well-known firms issuing continued revisions upward for expected net tariff rates. By sector, stocks saw gains in more defensive consumer staples as well as energy, while technology and communications saw the sharpest declines. Real estate earned a small gain for the week.

Economic Update 3-24-2025

Economic data included the Federal Reserve keeping rates unchanged, with a balanced commentary about current conditions but noting uncertainty about the economic path ahead. Positive data came in from retail sales and industrial production, in addition to existing home sales and housing starts. However, several regional manufacturing indexes fell back.

Equities rebounded for the first time in a month in the U.S., while international stocks ended flattish. Bonds gained along with falling yields. Commodity prices generally rose, along with stronger energy.

U.S. stocks snapped a month-long losing streak, with gains in both large and small cap stocks, and value continuing its streak of outperforming growth. By sector, energy, financials, and health care led with gains of one to several percent; materials, consumer staples, and utilities suffered minimal declines of a fraction of a percent. Real estate also declined slightly. Markets turned around from the prior week, bouncing off of -10% correction territory for the time being, helped in mid-week by a more dovish tone about the economy struck by Fed Chair Powell. This was in contrast to some signs of pessimism elsewhere, such as consumer sentiment around the unclear upcoming tariff response. (Although by this morning, some of the administration’s rhetoric about the April 2 trade ‘Liberation Day’ has been toned down a bit.)

Economic Update 3-17-2025

Economic data included consumer and producer price inflation that came in a bit cooler, and better than expected, although the trend remains above target. Jobless claims fell, despite stress about federal layoffs and carryover to the private sector. A low point was consumer sentiment, now showing bipartisan distress, along with heightened inflation expectations.

Equities fell again last week around the world, with continued tariff uncertainty. Bonds were little changed, with governments outperforming corporates. Commodities were mixed, with gains in metals and little change in crude oil.

U.S. stocks were down for the fourth straight week, having started negatively out of the gate, with the S&P 500 down nearly -3% on Monday. This was as investors absorbed the possibility for additional and sustained tariffs, in addition to signs of a slowing economy (with a major investment bank lowering their 2025 estimate again, to just below-trend GDP) and Friday representing the debt ceiling deadline for ‘extraordinary measures’ (behind-the-scenes accounting shifts) after the debt limit was hit in January. Taken as a whole, the underlying worry is that the administration’s policies are causing more harm than expected. In a media interview the prior weekend, the President referred to the current situation as “a period of transition” and refused to rule out a near-term recession, noting that the stock market isn’t something that should be watched as a gauge of policy success, which was obviously not reassuring to many investors (who tend to watch the stock market). After some back and forth on Canadian steel and aluminum imports, a cooler-than-expected CPI report helped sentiment by mid-week, although volatility about the end game for tariffs continued. To end the week, it appeared the chances of a U.S. government shutdown had fallen, removing one element of uncertainty from investors’ minds (although shutdowns have tended to be non-events for the stock market).

Economic Update 3-10-2025

Economic data included a lackluster but positive ISM manufacturing report, while ISM services again improved further into expansion. The employment situation report for February came in decently, within expectations, although the unemployment rate also rose slightly.

Equities were mixed, with another week of declines in the U.S., while foreign stocks (especially Europe) rediscovering positive momentum. Bonds fell back as interest inched back upward. Commodities were mixed, with gains in metals offset by a decline in crude oil.

U.S. stocks suffered a third straight negative week, with negative sentiment driven by the uncertainty around the administration’s back-and-forth tariff policy announcements—the key theme that appears to be driving market movements as of late. By sector, only health care ended the week with a small gain, while all other sectors saw negative results—declines of several percent in financials (not helped by a flatter yield curve), consumer discretionary (Tesla, but also concern in other retailers about a weakening consumer), and energy (following weaker oil prices).

Economic Update 3-03-2025

Economic data included U.S. GDP for Q4-2024 coming in unchanged, but Q1 expectations were revised downward. Personal income and spending were strong, while PCE inflation continued to decelerate. Housing data was mixed with home prices continuing to rise, although at a slower pace, and new home sales fell sharply. Consumer confidence continued to show lackluster results.

Equities were mixed, with U.S. value and U.K. outperforming, and negative results elsewhere. U.S. bonds fared positively as interest rates declined along with inflation and some fears about growth. Commodities fell back across the board, along with a stronger U.S. dollar.

U.S. stocks saw a back-and-forth week, highlighted by news clips and worries about potential tariffs and mixed economic data. By the end of the week, the President’s confirmation that tariffs on Canada and Mexico are set to take effect next week, along with a vow to double tariffs on China, resulted in weaker market sentiment. By the end of Friday an apparent chaotic meeting between President Trump and Ukrainian President Zelensky, set up as a potential deal for U.S. reconstruction aid in return for natural resources, left more uncertainty about near-term European activity.

Economic Update 10-28-2024

• Economic data for the week included a decline in overall durable goods, mixed results in housing sales, as well as higher continuing jobless claims, due to a variety of weather and labor issues.  
• Equities declined globally, with higher interest rates and less certainty about central bank rate easing looking forward. Bonds fell back along with rising yields at the longer end of the curve. Commodities gained, largely due to energy, despite a stronger dollar.

U.S. stocks lost ground for the first time in six weeks, as higher interest rates associated with an assumed more drawn-out Fed rate cut cycle and perhaps higher future deficits post-election weighed on sentiment. By sector, consumer discretionary experienced a percent gain (led by a 20%+ return for Tesla, upon better than expected earnings and vehicle sales projections) and a small gain for technology, while negativity was most pronounced in materials, industrials, and health care. Large cap fared better than small cap. Real estate fell about -2% upon the rise in yields.

At the September meeting, the U.S. Federal Reserve Open Market Committee decided to reduce the Fed funds rate by -0.50% to a new range of 4.75-5.00%. There was one voter dissent, where a member opted for only a quarter-percent cut.

The formal statement was updated to reflect the new easing bias, noting that inflation has simply “made further progress...but remains somewhat elevated.” Also noted was that the committee’s labor and inflation goals “are roughly in balance.” Later in the statement, labor was again mentioned in a reminder of the Fed’s dual mandate in “supporting maximum employment” in addition to its inflation objective. The new quarterly Summary of Economic Projections (SEP) put the Fed funds rate expectation at 4.4% for year-end 2024 (down from 5.1% in June), 3.4% for 2025, 2.9% for 2026 and 2027, while the anticipated long-term rate ticked up a tenth to 2.9%.

There hasn’t been this much mystery shrouding a policy change in some time, and surprise announcements have not been common in recent years. Before the meeting, CME Fed funds futures markets evolved toward the chances of a -0.50% cut at as high as 60%, and a -0.25% move at around 40%, after wavering between the two for much of the past month (wisdom of futures markets is correct again). Chances remain high for cuts in November and December, with odds pointing to a year-end rate of around 4.25%. The furthest-out estimate in Dec. 2025 shows the highest probabilities for Fed funds at around 3.00%.

Economic Update 6-03-2024

• For the short holiday week, economic data included U.S. GDP growth being downgraded a few tenths, continued improvement in lower PCE inflation, higher home prices, and improved consumer sentiment.
• Equities were mixed globally, with developed markets down a bit on net, while emerging markets fell further. Bonds were little changed domestically, while foreign markets saw mixed results. Commodities fell back across a variety of sectors.

U.S. stocks fell on the shortened week, but ended May with solid gains to offset weakness from the prior month. By sector, energy and utilities led the way with gains upward of 2%, while technology fell back by over -2% (as a positive week for some stocks was offset by weakness in Salesforce, Adobe, and Microsoft). Real estate also gained, with Friday’s ‘less bad’ inflation news providing a boost.